Jadwiga Maziarska (1913–2003), was directly associated with the second Krakow Group. Maziarska was active in artistic circles dominated by such personalities as Tadeusz Kantor, Maria Jarema and Erna Rosenstein. Despite her innovative style (she is seen by some scholars as the first Polish representative of matter painting), she was relegated to the margins of art history. As early as the 1940s, Maziarska’s art was characterised by the intensification of texture and a process of spatial expansion in her painted compositions that ultimately resulted in a third dimension. In 1958, this process culminated in the creation of wax reliefs. Attempts to define Maziarska as an “abstract painter” were challenged in 1998, when she created relief paintings based on newspaper clippings and photographs. A unique collection of photographs has fuelled her creative process, spanning her entire oeuvre, from the 1940s until her death.